DAMPAK LINGKUNGAN DALAM PROYEK KONSTRUKSI: SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW DENGAN PENDEKATAN PRISMA
DOI: 10.53810/jt.v27i1.776Abstract
Abstrak
Industri konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor dengan tekanan lingkungan yang tinggi karena melibatkan konsumsi material, energi, air, serta menghasilkan emisi karbon, limbah konstruksi, pencemaran udara, pencemaran air, dan gangguan terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk dampak lingkungan utama dalam proyek konstruksi, memetakan tema penelitian dominan, serta merumuskan implikasi pengelolaan lingkungan berdasarkan publikasi internasional periode 2020–2026. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Hasil seleksi literatur menunjukkan bahwa dari total artikel yang teridentifikasi, 25 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa dampak lingkungan proyek konstruksi terkonsentrasi pada lima tema utama, yaitu (1) emisi karbon dan pencemaran udara, (2) limbah konstruksi dan pembongkaran, (3) konsumsi energi, material, dan sumber daya, (4) pencemaran air dan tanah, serta (5) gangguan ekosistem dan lingkungan sekitar proyek. Literatur periode 2020–2026 memperlihatkan dominasi isu dekarbonisasi, life cycle assessment (LCA), whole-life carbon, dan circular economy, sementara dampak lokal seperti debu, kebisingan, limpasan sedimen, dan pencemaran tanah tetap menjadi isu penting pada level proyek. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pengelolaan dampak lingkungan proyek konstruksi perlu dilakukan secara terintegrasi sejak tahap desain, pengadaan material, pelaksanaan, hingga pascaproyek.
Kata kunci: dampak lingkungan, proyek konstruksi, PRISMA, systematic literature review, emisi karbon, limbah konstruksi
Abstract
The construction industry is one of the sectors with the greatest environmental pressure due to its intensive consumption of materials, energy, and water, as well as its generation of carbon emissions, construction waste, air pollution, water pollution, and disturbances to the surrounding environment. This study aims to identify the major environmental impacts of construction projects, map the dominant research themes, and formulate implications for environmental management based on international publications from 2020 to 2026. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA approach. The literature selection process revealed that, out of all identified articles, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The synthesis indicates that the environmental impacts of construction projects are concentrated in five main themes: (1) carbon emissions and air pollution, (2) construction and demolition waste, (3) energy, material, and resource consumption, (4) water and soil pollution, and (5) ecosystem disturbance and impacts on the surrounding environment. The literature published during 2020–2026 highlights the dominance of issues related to decarbonization, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), whole-life carbon, and the circular economy, while local environmental impacts such as dust, noise, sediment runoff, and soil contamination remain significant concerns at the project level. This study concludes that the environmental impacts of construction projects should be managed through an integrated approach covering all project phases, from design and material procurement to construction execution and post-project activities.
Keywords: environmental impacts, construction projects, PRISMA, systematic literature review, carbon emissions, construction waste.
Industri konstruksi merupakan salah satu sektor dengan tekanan lingkungan yang tinggi karena melibatkan konsumsi material, energi, air, serta menghasilkan emisi karbon, limbah konstruksi, pencemaran udara, pencemaran air, dan gangguan terhadap lingkungan sekitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bentuk dampak lingkungan utama dalam proyek konstruksi, memetakan tema penelitian dominan, serta merumuskan implikasi pengelolaan lingkungan berdasarkan publikasi internasional periode 2020–2026. Penelitian menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pendekatan PRISMA. Hasil seleksi literatur menunjukkan bahwa dari total artikel yang teridentifikasi, 25 artikel memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Sintesis menunjukkan bahwa dampak lingkungan proyek konstruksi terkonsentrasi pada lima tema utama, yaitu (1) emisi karbon dan pencemaran udara, (2) limbah konstruksi dan pembongkaran, (3) konsumsi energi, material, dan sumber daya, (4) pencemaran air dan tanah, serta (5) gangguan ekosistem dan lingkungan sekitar proyek. Literatur periode 2020–2026 memperlihatkan dominasi isu dekarbonisasi, life cycle assessment (LCA), whole-life carbon, dan circular economy, sementara dampak lokal seperti debu, kebisingan, limpasan sedimen, dan pencemaran tanah tetap menjadi isu penting pada level proyek. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pengelolaan dampak lingkungan proyek konstruksi perlu dilakukan secara terintegrasi sejak tahap desain, pengadaan material, pelaksanaan, hingga pascaproyek.
Kata kunci: dampak lingkungan, proyek konstruksi, PRISMA, systematic literature review, emisi karbon, limbah konstruksi
Abstract
The construction industry is one of the sectors with the greatest environmental pressure due to its intensive consumption of materials, energy, and water, as well as its generation of carbon emissions, construction waste, air pollution, water pollution, and disturbances to the surrounding environment. This study aims to identify the major environmental impacts of construction projects, map the dominant research themes, and formulate implications for environmental management based on international publications from 2020 to 2026. The study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using the PRISMA approach. The literature selection process revealed that, out of all identified articles, 25 studies met the inclusion criteria and were further analyzed. The synthesis indicates that the environmental impacts of construction projects are concentrated in five main themes: (1) carbon emissions and air pollution, (2) construction and demolition waste, (3) energy, material, and resource consumption, (4) water and soil pollution, and (5) ecosystem disturbance and impacts on the surrounding environment. The literature published during 2020–2026 highlights the dominance of issues related to decarbonization, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), whole-life carbon, and the circular economy, while local environmental impacts such as dust, noise, sediment runoff, and soil contamination remain significant concerns at the project level. This study concludes that the environmental impacts of construction projects should be managed through an integrated approach covering all project phases, from design and material procurement to construction execution and post-project activities.
Keywords: environmental impacts, construction projects, PRISMA, systematic literature review, carbon emissions, construction waste.
