STUDI KOMPARATIF PENERAPAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE DI NEGARA INDONESIA DAN AMERIKA SERIKAT

Andika Ramadhani Wibowo Mukti, Rahtami Susanti

Abstract


The concept of restorative justice is increasingly developing and being adopted by several countries in the world with different names, the United States calls it victim offender mediation, while in Indonesia it is known as the concept of restorative justice. This study aims to find out the differences between the legal systems of Indonesia and the United States, as well as find out the similarities and differences of restorative justice in Indonesia and the United States. The research method used is normative juridical with a comparative approach. The results of the study show that the differences in the legal systems in Indonesia and the United States are influenced by the form of the state, Indonesia with the form of a republican unitary state that adheres to a civil law legal system, in which written legal regulations are used as laws and legal basis that must be obeyed by all citizens within the territory of the unitary Indonesia. Whereas the United States as a federal country that adheres to the common law legal system, has several laws that serve as its basis, federal law as the highest state law that applies to all states, and state law that only applies to each state. In the application of restorative justice, Indonesia and the United States have similarities, namely, its application is limited to minor crimes and applies to both juvenile and adult justice, the application of restorative justice aims as an effort to reduce inmates to prevent overcapacity in detention centers. The difference in the application of restorative justice in Indonesia is that laws regarding restorative justice apply to all communities and regions within the scope of the unitary state, whereas in the United States each state has different laws regarding the application of restorative justice, there are at least forty-five out of fifty states that have incorporated restorative justice into state laws.

Keywords: Comparative Study, Restorative Justice, Legal System

Konsep restorative jusctice semakin berkembang dan diadopsi oleh beberapa negara di dunia dengan penyebutan yang berbeda, Amerika Serikat menyebutnya victim offender mediation, sedangkan di Indonesia dikenal dengan konsep keadilan restoratif atau restorative justice. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan sistem hukum Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat, serta mengetahui persamaan dan perbedaan restorative justice di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normative dengan pendekata komparattif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perbedaan sistem hukum di Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat dipengaruhi oleh bentuk negara, Indonesia dengan bentuk negara kesatuan republik yang menganut sistem hukum civil law, di mana peraturan hukum tertulis yang dijadikan sebagai undang-undang dan dasar hukum yang harus ditaati oleh seluruh warga negara di dalam wilayah kesatuaan Indonesia. Sedangkan Amerika Serikat sebagai negara federal yang mengnut sistem hukum common law, memiliki beberapa hukum yang dijadikan sebagai dasar, hukum federal sebagai hukum tertinggi negara yang berlaku untuk seluruh negara bagian, dan hukum negara bagian yang hanya berlaku pada masing-masing negara bagian. Pada penerapan restorative justice Indonesia dan Amerika Serikat memiliki persamaan antara lain, penerapannya terbatas pada tindak pidana ringan dan berlaku untuk peradilan anak maupun dewasa, penerapan restorative justice bertujuan sebagai upaya mengurangi narapidana untuk mencegah kapasitas berlebih pada rumah tahanan. Perbedaan dari penerapan restorative justice di Indonesia undang-undang mengenai keadilan restortif berlaku untuk seluruh masyarakat dan wilayyah dalam lingkup negara kesatuan, sedangkan di Amerika Serikat masing-masing negara bagian memiliki undang-undang tentang penerapan restorative justice yang berbeda, setidaknya ada empat puluh lima dari lima puluh negara bagian yang telah memasukan restorative justice kedalam undang-undang negara bagian.

Kata kunci: Studi Komparatif, Restorative Justice, Sistem Hukum

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.51921/wlr.v5i1.240

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